COP30: Here are the most important outcomes of the Bonn 2025 meeting
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| Bonn Climate Meeting 2025 |
In his address at the closing session of the Bonn Climate Meetings, Simon Steele, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, emphasized that the world needs to move forward, faster, and more equitably, to make difficult decisions sooner.
Steele praised the hard and fruitful work during the ten days of the Bonn meetings, particularly in terms of the achievements made in the Just Transition Action Agenda, gender equality, national action programs, and transparency. Steele said, "I won't sugarcoat it. We still have a lot to do before we meet again in Belém (COP30 in Brazil), and there is a lot of work to be done to maintain the 1.5 goal, as dictated by science."
Many discussions took place in the corridors of the Bonn meeting, the most prominent semi-annual climate action meeting, where several key issues were raised, such as adaptation, finance, mitigation, and loss and damage. These discussions are a prelude to the major decisions scheduled to be made during the main climate summit.
The following are the highlights of the discussions:
1- Adaptation
Discussions on the global adaptation goal continued on the seventh day of the Bonn meeting, June 23. In the morning, parties confirmed their willingness to provide further guidance to experts to improve indicators. In the afternoon, they exchanged views on several issues, including the Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR) and transformative adaptation.
There were some disagreements about the timing of the review of the guidance on adaptation communications, but parties ultimately agreed that the review would take place in 2028. On the other hand, the progress and effectiveness of the Adaptation Committee's performance were reviewed.
On the eighth day, consultations were held on the global adaptation goal, and the Latin American and Caribbean Group highlighted a reference to the new adaptation finance goal. On the ninth day, the global adaptation goal received significant attention, and there were some disagreements on the guidelines for improving indicators.
2- Finance
On the seventh day, discussions were held on the implementation of Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, which obligates developed countries to provide climate finance. However, when it comes to finance, disagreements will emerge, and this is precisely what happened, particularly from the European Union, Australia, and the European Group.
The least developed countries, supported by the Arab Group, proposed a work program on the implementation of Article 9.1, which includes tripling adaptation finance and providing financial support to the Loss and Damage Fund. On the eighth day, discussions took place on the financial matters of the Adaptation Fund and the Fund's transition arrangements. Discussions on the Adaptation Fund's financing continued on the ninth day as well.
3- Mitigation
Discussions on the Mitigation Work Program (MWP) emerged on the eighth day of the meeting, and took place. Views were raised on the possibility of establishing a digital platform to facilitate the implementation of mitigation measures through enhanced cooperation. Egypt presented a proposal to establish a digital platform that would serve as a hub for existing platforms, allowing for linkages to any future platform, and how the platform's initial scope could be focused on mitigation and then expanded over time.
To move forward with the platform, Egypt proposed adopting the Subcommittee's conclusions and requested the Secretariat to map existing platforms and their functions, so that the digital platform could be launched in Belém, Brazil, during the thirtieth session of the Conference of the Parties on Climate Change (COP30) next November, after agreement on the required functions.
4- Loss and Damage
Discussions took place on the eighth day of the Bonn meeting on the 2024 review of the Warsaw International Mechanism. Parties reached a document that will serve as the basis for discussions at COP30. Discussions revolved around the cost-effectiveness of the Santiago Network Secretariat, technical assistance resources, methodologies for the expert group to determine costs, and a status report on loss and damage.
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