Diabetes 

Finally… The World Officially Recognizes Type 5 Diabetes

The International Diabetes Federation has officially recognized a fifth type of diabetes, after decades of scientific debate surrounding its nature and diagnosis. It is believed that this type may affect approximately 25 million people worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and that malnutrition leads to a different form affecting millions.

Data indicates that this type, previously known as "malnutrition-related diabetes," differs radically from the traditional types, according to a report on the science website ScienceAlert.

Currently known types of diabetes are divided into several main categories, each with a different mechanism. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, while type 2 diabetes is linked to insulin resistance and is often associated with lifestyle.

Type 3 (3c) develops as a result of damage to the pancreas due to diseases or injuries, while gestational diabetes (type 4) occurs as a result of temporary hormonal changes during pregnancy. Type 5 diabetes, recently recognized as a distinct condition resulting from chronic malnutrition, impairs the pancreas's ability to produce insulin normally.

A Different Mechanism of the Disease

Studies show that individuals with type 5 diabetes have a deficiency in insulin secretion, but they do not exhibit insulin resistance like those in type 2 diabetes. This difference renders traditional treatments ineffective in some cases and potentially harmful if used inappropriately.

Recent research has also demonstrated that long-term malnutrition, particularly during childhood, can have lasting effects on the pancreas, impairing its ability to regulate blood sugar levels. Despite official recognition, significant challenges remain. The previous lack of clear diagnostic criteria led to confusion with other types of diabetes, making it difficult to accurately estimate its prevalence or develop tailored treatments.

Diabetes 

Researchers warn that using conventional insulin doses may put patients at risk of severe hypoglycemia, especially in settings characterized by food insecurity and inadequate medical follow-up.

As a first step toward a better understanding, the International Diabetes Federation has established a dedicated task force to develop diagnostic and treatment criteria for type 5 diabetes, as well as to create a global registry of cases and support future research. 

Conversely, experts emphasize that recognition alone is insufficient; extensive research efforts are required to gain a deeper understanding of the disease, especially given its connection to complex social and economic factors.

In conclusion, type 5 diabetes represents a significant shift in our understanding of the disease, highlighting the role of nutrition in metabolic health and opening the door to new treatment strategies that target the root causes of the problem, not just its symptoms.